Frequently Asked Questions
Do I have a personal injury case?
Personal injury law can involve many different types of claims,
theories, and principles. Some of the more common, or interesting,
types of personal injury actions include:
Animal bites can result in the
animal owner's liability to the person who is bitten or who is
injured while trying to avoid a bite.
Assault and battery are two intentional
torts that involve improper contact with another, without permission
or consent, or the threat of such contact.
Aviation accidents quite often
result in either serious injury or death. When these accidents
occur, serious questions regarding the liability of the airline,
its employees, or the government may arise.
Defamation and privacy are two
separate causes of action that concern the rights of individuals
to have their names and reputations protected, and also to have
their privacy preserved.
Motor vehicle accidents raise
numerous questions as to the liability of one participant to another
and also raise interesting questions regarding who should be responsible
for covering the losses.
Premises liability concerns the
responsibilities of owners and possessors of property to safeguard
others from dangerous conditions or hazards on the property and
to prevent others from being injured while on the property.
Property damage causes of action
concern the rights of owners or possessors of property to protect
their property from damage, theft or intrusion.
Railroad accidents may result
in personal injury or death and subject the railroad to liability.
Slip and fall cases are very common
causes of action and relate closely to the duty of an owner or
possessor of land to maintain the property in a safe manner for
the benefit of others lawfully entering upon the land.
Wrongful death actions may be
brought by the dependents or beneficiaries of a deceased individual
against the party whose action or inaction was causally related
to the death.
How much is my case worth?
This is one of the most difficult questions a plaintiff's attorney
will get asked. Cases have value based on five areas assuming the
liability issue - in other words, who was at fault -- is clear.
Plaintiffs in personal injury cases are entitled to five areas of
damages. Those areas are as follows:
- Past Medical Bills
- Future Medical Bills
- Past Lost Wages
- Loss of Earning Capacity in the Future
- Pain and Suffering
There is no perfect formula to determine exactly how much a case
is worth. It often depends on how the evidence comes in on a case.
Further problems develop if there are any inconsistencies in testimony,
medical records and other issues that would allow the insurance
company's lawyer to attack the credibility of the injured party's
case. However, based on our track record of trying cases in the
state of Florida, we are generally able to come up with at least
a "range of value" of cases after the attorney assigned to the case
has looked at all the medical records and bills and determines how
the client has either improved or deteriorated since the injury.
Even with all that information it is very difficult for Plaintiff's
counsel to come up with an exact figure but, typically, a range
of value based on our vast experience in handling these types of
cases can be determined.
What is a slip and fall action?
A slip and fall action is a type of personal injury lawsuit filed
by a plaintiff who has been injured by a slip and fall, usually
on the defendant's property. Examples of very common slip and fall
plaintiffs include the grocery store patron who slips on a spill
or a piece of food laying on the floor, and falls, causing injury
to himself; and a hotel guest who slips in the shower and injures
her back in the process. The plaintiff in slip and fall cases must
usually show that the owner of the property had notice or knowledge
of the condition, and failed to clean it up and rectify it within
a reasonable amount of time. If the plaintiff slipped on a grape
that had been lying on the floor for two hours, and the manager
of the store had walked past it and inspected it five times before
asking someone to clean it up, liability is likely.
If the plaintiff has knowingly encountered a hazard, then he or
she may have trouble holding the defendant liable. For example,
if a hotel guest squirts baby oil onto the floor of the shower;
steps into the shower and starts dancing, and then falls and breaks
an ankle, liability on the part of the hotel is highly questionable.
However, if the cleaning staff in the hotel repeatedly tells management
that the non-skid treads in the bathtub for room 212 are missing
and the hotel fails to replace them, the hotel will probably be
liable for damages to a guest who is injured.
How long will it take to bring my case
to a conclusion?
The answer to this question also depends on the complexity of the
case. In other words, the last thing we want to do is resolve a
case while our client is still healing or does not have a good understanding
on what their future medical condition will be. The last thing an
attorney wants to do is to allow the client to sign a release only
to find out that they need future surgery or have massive medical
bills still facing them. With that being said, the average premises
liability/auto case or any other type of general negligence case
is resolved within four to eight months after being brought to the
firm. That time range is subject to fluctuation depending on the
facts of the case.
Why sue my insurance company if I did
nothing wrong to cause this accident?
Even when our client is in an accident that is based on the negligence
of another person, we still are able to make a claim for personal
injury protection benefits, more commonly known as PIP. This is
the classic "no fault" insurance that legislature designated to
pay 80% of a person's medical bills and 60% of a person's lost wages,
up to $10,000, whether they are at fault or not. This situation
can also occur when a negligent person causes an accident, and they
are uninsured or underinsured and then you can make a claim provided
you have paid a premium for that coverage with your insurance company.
The short answer is that the client pays premium dollars for coverage
in those issues and that is what it is there for when you need it.
I thought I had full coverage, so why
am I not covered?
Typically, insurance agents will give a potential consumer a quote
on whatever type of coverage the consumer asks for. Full coverage
can mean a variety of things but, in regards to an automobile negligence
case that would entail for purposes of recovering for injuries,
PIP or no-fault, medical payment benefits and uninsured or underinsured
motorist coverage. The PIP coverage applies whether or not the consumer
is at fault, the medical payment benefits can make up what the PIP
does not cover, i.e. 20% of the medicals, 40% of the lost wages,
and beyond if extended coverage is there. The uninsured or underinsured
motorist coverage is probably the most important. Underinsured or
uninsured motorist coverage allows you to collect from your own
company in the event you are injured through the negligence of somebody
who has little or no coverage. Typically, we are asked this "full
coverage" question when a client has been injured by someone who
has no insurance and our client thought their sales agent had assured
them they had "full coverage."
Can anyone bring a wrongful death claim?
No. Generally, most states that recognize a wrongful death cause
of action limit the pool of potential plaintiffs. Some states limit
this group to the deceased's primary beneficiaries, defined as the
surviving spouse and the deceased's children. Other states allow
the parents of the deceased individual to bring a wrongful death
claim. In addition to these individuals, some states recognize the
rights of any dependent, whether closely related or not, to bring
a wrongful death claim provided the person actually a depended on
the deceased for economic support. To those jurisdictions, it apparently
makes little to no sense to allow the second cousin once removed
of the deceased, who saw him once every five years at a family reunion,
to recover for the loss of the deceased's future earning potential.
Some states require any recovery gained in a wrongful death action
to be divided among the deceased's heirs at law or to be distributed
to the deceased's heirs at law as it would be in any normal probate
proceeding. In these situations, distant relatives may receive some
"trickle down" of damages, even though they were not financially
dependent upon the deceased during his life. If more than one plaintiff
is entitled to recover, all plaintiffs will share in the award.
The manner in which the award is divided can be confusing and will
depend upon the laws in the particular jurisdiction where the matter
is brought.
Can I recover damages for injuries
sustained on someone else's property?
An owner of property has a duty to protect members of the public
from injury that may occur upon the property. When a person is injured,
he may be able to recover money for his injuries if he can prove
that the property owner failed to meet that duty. The hurdle plaintiffs
face is that the nature and extent of the property owner's duty
will vary depending upon the facts of the situation and the jurisdiction
in question. Some states focus upon, solely, the status of the injured
visitor to the property. These states divide the potential status
into three separate categories: invitee, licensee, and trespasser.
An invitee is someone who has been invited onto the land because
he will confer some advantage to the property owner, such as a store
patron. An owner of property is required to exercise reasonable
care for the safety of the invitee. A licensee is someone who enters
upon the land for his own purpose, and is present at the consent,
but not the invitation, of the owner. For example, a door-to-door
salesman who enters the property and stays to chat with the owner
about the product that he is selling is a licensee. The owner's
duty to a licensee is only to warn of hidden dangers. For example,
if the owner knew the front step was rotten and did not warn the
salesman, the salesman may be able to recover if he thereafter falls
through the step and injures himself. Finally, a trespasser is an
individual who enters onto the property without the knowledge or
consent of the owner and who remains there without any right or
permission. Trespassers have difficulty suing property owners because
property owners' duty towards trespassers is not to place traps
and hazards on their property. In some cases, the owner must also
warn trespassers of the hazards if they are unlikely to be discovered
by the trespasser and could cause serious injury or death.
Other states focus upon the condition of the property and the
activities of both the visitor and owner, rather than considering
only the status of the visitor. In these states, a uniform standard
that requires the owner of the property to exercise reasonable care
to ensure the safety of invitees and licensees is generally applied.
The plaintiff must prove that the duty of care has not been met
through an examination of the circumstances surrounding his entry
on the property, the use to which the property is put, the foreseeability
of his injury, and the reasonableness of placing a warning or repairing
the condition. Obviously, whether reasonable care has been rendered
depends greatly upon the particular circumstances.
The property owner's duty of care toward children is greater than
the duty owed to adults. Even if the children are trespassers or
engage in dangerous behavior, the property owner must still take
precautions to prevent foreseeable harm to children. The classic
example of a property owner's greater duty of care to children arises
in the context of backyard swimming pools. Owners must fence, gate,
and lock their pools in a manner that keeps children out and if
they fail to do so, they will be found liable for injuries to children,
even if the children were trespassers that were warned to stay off
the property.
If a dog bites a person, is the owner
liable for doctor's bills?
In general, the answer to this question is yes. An owner of a
dog, or any animal for that matter, may be held liable for the injuries
that that animal causes to others. However, the ease with which
a plaintiff can win a "dog-bite" lawsuit differs from jurisdiction
to jurisdiction depending on the legal theory of recovery available
in the plaintiff's location. Some jurisdictions require the plaintiff
to show that the animal owner knew, or should have known, that the
animal was inclined to attack or bite. In other jurisdictions, the
plaintiff may only need to show negligence on the part of the owner
in order to recover money for his injuries. If a wild animal, such
as a lion, bear or monkey, injures the plaintiff, the animal's owner
may be held accountable for plaintiff's injuries regardless of his
conduct under a theory of strict liability.
If the plaintiff is an adult, the owner of an animal may offer
as a defense to plaintiff's claim that the injured party provoked
the animal. Where the plaintiff has been given clear warning that
an animal should not be approached, petted or talked to, and still
proceeds with that action, the owner may be able to avoid responsibility
if the animal thereafter attacks the plaintiff. This defense is
not available, however, if the plaintiff is a child.
Once the plaintiff has established that the animal owner is liable
for his injuries, the plaintiff must also establish the amount of
his damages. The plaintiff should introduce evidence, such as doctor
and hospital bills, of how much it has cost him to treat the injury.
In addition, the plaintiff may be able to recover lost wages if
his injury kept him out of work. The plaintiff is entitled to compensation
for any permanent disability cause by the injury, as well as compensation
for his pain and suffering.
What does a person have to prove
to win a slander or libel claim?
Defamation is term that includes both slander and libel. Generally,
slander occurs when the reputation or good name of someone is damaged
as a result of false statements that are orally made. Libel, on
the other hand, occurs when false statements regarding another are
put in writing. Whether a particular statement, oral or written,
constitutes defamation in the nature of slander or libel will depend
upon the particular circumstances in question and the identity of
the parties. To prevail in a defamation lawsuit, a plaintiff must
prove that the defendant made a false and defamatory statement about
the plaintiff that was communicated to a third party. Thus a false
and objectionable statement sent in an e-mail to the plaintiff's
co-worker may be libelous. The plaintiff can usually succeed by
showing the communication was either intentional or at least negligent.
Finally, it is also possible for the plaintiff to bring a libel
suit where the plaintiff himself repeats the alleged defamatory
statement. This is called self-publication. This can occur, for
example, when an individual applies for a job and has to tell the
prospective employer about something the previous employer said
that was false. Before beginning a libel or slander lawsuit, the
plaintiff must determine whether or not the objectionable statement
is true. No matter how damaging, insensitive, rude or inappropriate
a statement may be, the plaintiff will lose his claim if the statement
is true.
The "public" plaintiff has additional hurdles to overcome to recover
for libel or slander. An example of a public figure is a politician.
Along with establishing all of the regular elements of the tort,
a plaintiff who is a public figure must also show that the defendant
knew the false statement was false, or at least acted with reckless
disregard as to its truthfulness. Newspapers may escape liability
for libel when they merely report false statements as long as the
paper had no particular reason to doubt the statement at the time
it was printed.
Finally, the plaintiff often has to prove economic harm in order
to recover on a defamation suit. Therefore, the plaintiff may need
to be able to demonstrate a loss of business as a result of the
defamation in order to establish his right to the recovery of money.
However, some types of statements are so damaging that the plaintiff
does not have to prove any economic loss. These statements tend
to be those that accuse the plaintiff of sexual impropriety or criminal
conduct.
Why do I have to pay costs in the
case?
This firm uses the Florida Bar-approved Contingency Fee Contract.
That contract allows for several options. In regard to fees, it
allows for 33.33% recovery prior to the filing of a lawsuit and
an answer being filed by the defendant as well as payment of costs
by the client. Typically, we are able to keep costs down to a minimum
in the pre-suit and early litigation stage; however, as the case
moves forward to trial the costs can be very high. This is not something
done by design on our part; it is just a fact of life in litigation
across the United States. Once an insurance company gets involved
in a case against the consumer, costs can quickly mount. Our firm
does have the resources to keep up with the insurance companies
in regard to these costs; however, ultimately they are paid by our
client in the event of a recovery pursuant to the contract.
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